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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Wenyang jieyu decoction on phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway and neurotransmitters in rats with kidney-yang deficiency depression. METHODS The SD rats were divided into blank group， model group， fluoxetine group （positive control of western medicine， 4.17 mg/kg）， Xiaoyao powder group （positive control of TCM， 1.88 g/kg） and Wenyang jieyu decoction low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.25， 2.50， 5.00 g/kg）， with 15 rats in each group. Except for blank group， the other groups were treated with corticosterone 20 mg/kg subcutaneously to induce kidney-yang deficiency depressed model， meanwhile the mice were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for 28 consecutive days. The general conditions of rats were observed. The sucrose preference rate and the static time of forced swimming were detected， and organ indexes of rats were calculated. The levels/contents of neurotransmitters in serum were detected， the expressions of PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in hippocampus were detected， and the number of dendritic spines was determined. RESULTS Compared with blank group， model group suffered from the symptoms such as hair loss， fear of cold， curling up； sucrose preference rate， indexes of adrenal gland， thymus gland and spleen，serum levels of cyclic adenosine phosphate （cAMP）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor and gamma-aminobutyric acid， the ratio of cAMP to cyclic guanosine monophosphate， the contents of norepinephrine， dopamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine， the expressions of PI3K， Akt， mammalian target of rapamycin， and the number of dendritic spines in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. The time of immobility， level of glutamic acid and protein expression of glycogen synthetase kinase-3β were prolonged and increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， depression symptoms of rats in each administration group were improved， and the above indexes were mostly reversed （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Wenyang jieyu decoction can improve depression-like behavior and the deficiency of kidney-yang， regulate the secretion of neurotransmitters， and activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thus playing a role in protecting hippocampal neurons.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of choledochoscopy in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis related diseases.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 111 patients with cholelithiasis related diseases who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2018 and April 2019 were collected. There were 45 males and 66 females, aged (55±16)years, with the range from 20 to 89 years. The mucosal course of biliary system and the submucosal vascular density of the 111 patients were observed by choledochoscopy during operation. Observation indicators: (1) patient examinations; (2) specific case analysis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages. Results:(1) Patient examinations: 111 patients underwent intraoperative choledochoscopy examination, and 5 patients underwent pathological examination. Five of the 111 patients had the results of intraoperative choledochoscopy examination inconsistent with results of preoperative imaging examination. (2) Specific case analysis. Case 1: the patient was diagnosed with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones preoperatively by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination. Results of intraoperative choledochoscopy examination and electronic staining under choledochoscope showed abnormal mucosa at the opening of the original cholecyst duct in the common bile duct, thickened and disordered blood vessels, which indicated the possibility of malignant transformation. Results of intraoperative rapid frozen histopathological examination showed inflammatory cell infiltration in gallbladder neck and focal glandular epithelial high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Results of postoperative pathological examination showed high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the wall of gallbladder cervical ducts, focal infiltrating myowall carcinoma and strongly positive of Cytokeratin 7 diaminobenzine staining. Case 2: results of preoperative doppler ultrasonography and MRCP showed gallbladder polyps. Intraoperative choledochoscopy examination showed gallbladder polyps with adenoma and a blood vessel at polyp root, which was diagnosed as gallbladder polyp combined with adenoma. Results of electronic staining in narrow band imaging (NBI) showed gallbladder polyps with adenoma and thick blood vessels at polyp root. Results of intraoperative rapid frozen histopathological examination showed cholesterol polyps and focal adenomatous hyperplasia. Results of postoperative pathological examination showed chronic cholecystitis with cholesterol polyps and adenomatous hyperplasia of focal glands. Case 3: results of preoperative MRCP examination showed choledocholithiasis and intrahepatic bile duct stones. Results of intraoperative choledochoscopy examination showed intrahepatic bile duct stones of large size. The patient underwent holmium laser lithotripsy and mucosal hyperplasia with soft lesion and smooth mucous epithelium was found after the stone was broken. Results of NBI and methylene electron staining showed multiple submucosal tortuous vessels in proliferative lesions behind bile duct stone. Results of intraoperative rapid frozen histopathological examination showed adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Case 4: results of preoperative MRCP examination showed intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones combined with dilatation of bile duct. Results of CT examination showed multiple soft tissue density shadows of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, which was considered as biliary papillomatosis. Results of intraoperative choledochoscopy showed small stones in the lower common bile duct and multiple segmental proliferative flocculent hyperplasia lesions on the wall of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Results of electronic staining in NBI showed multiple proliferative lesions in intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and multiple curved vascular shadows under the mucosa of the lesions. Results of intraoperative rapid frozen histopathological examination showed a denomatous hyperplasia with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Results of postoperative pathological examination showed adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Case 5: results of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging examination showed silt-like stones in the lower part of bile duct accompanied with dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, neck of pancreatic duct was narrowed and the remaining areas were thickened. Results of CT examination showed multiple stones in the neck of the gallbladder and in the common bile duct, accompanied by dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and the main pancreatic duct, and the lower end of the common bile duct was slightly narrow which mean the possibility of ampulla space occupying could not be excluded. Results of preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography examination showed soft tissue occupation at the lower end of the common bile duct which considering as the possibility of entophytic adenoma, and small stones in the common bile duct. Results of preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography biopsy showed chronic inflammation of duodenal papilla. Results of intraoperative rapid frozen histopathological examination showed chronic inflammation of duodenal papilla. Results of intraoperative choledochoscopy examination and electronic staining under choledochoscope showed smooth mucosa of duodenal papilla, without lesion. Results of intraoperative choledochoscopy examination with endobronchial ultrasonography showed clear structure of mucosa and submucosal of duodenal papilla, without lesion.Conclusion:Choledochoscopy can be used in the auxiliary diagnosis of cholelithiasis related diseases.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects and its mechanism of pseudostrychnine on the apoptosis of human colon can - cer HT- 29 cells. METHODS ：Human colon cancer HT- 29 cells were randomly divided into blank group ，pseudostrychnine low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （125，250，500 μmol/L）. They were cultured with culture medium without medicine or relevant concentration of pseudostrychnine for 48 h. The cell apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was employed to detect the protein expression of P 53，Caspase-3，Caspase-9，DNA re - pair enzyme from rabbit （c-PARP）and Bcl- 2. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，apoptotic rate of cells was increased signifi - cantly in pseudostrychnine low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups ，while mitochondrial transmembrane potential was de - creased significantly （P＜0.01），in concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression levels of P 53，Caspase-3，Caspase-9 and c-PARP were increased in pseudostrychnine medium-dose and high-dose groups ，compared with blank group ；while those of Bcl-2 were decreased significantly in pseudostrychnine low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CON - CLUSIONS：Pseudostrychnine may change mitochondrial membrane potential by up-regulating the protein expression of P 53 and down-regulating the protein expression of Bcl- 2，and activate the expression of Caspase- 3，c-PARP and Caspase- 9，so as to acti - vate endogenous mitochondrial pathway and promote the apoptosis of HT- 29 cells.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the anti-depressive effects of Wenyang jieyu granules and its possible mechanism. METHODS： A total of 60 rats with similar behavior and body weight were randomly divided into blank control group （distilled water）， model group （distilled water）， fluoxetine positive control group （2.10 mg/kg） and Wenyang jieyu granules low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.89， 3.78， 7.56 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 28 d. Except for blank control group， other groups were given chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with feeding alone to establish depression model. On the 0， 7th， 14th， 21st and 28th day of administration， the changes of body weight were measured. The sucrose reference test and open-field test were adopted to determined the rate of sucrose reference， total distance and four corner distance within 4 min. 1 h after last administration， forced swimming test was used to measure struggling time and floating time within 4 min. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） in serum were determined by HPLC. RESULTS： Compared with blank control group， body weight （7th， 14th， 21st and 28th day of administration） and the rate of sucrose reference （14th， 21st and 28th day of administration） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total distance and four corner distance within 4 min （21st and 28th day of administration） were decreased significantly； struggling time within 4 min was shortened significantly and floating time within 4 min was prolonged significantly （P＜0.01）； serum contents of 5-HT and DA were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， body weight （28th day of administration in low-dose group， 21st and 28th day of administration in medium-dose group and high-dose group） and the rate of sucrose reference （28th day of administration） were increased significantly in Wenyang jieyu granules groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total distance and four corner distance within 4 min （21st and 28th day of administration） were increased significantly （P＜0.01）； struggling time within 4 min was prolonged significantly and floating time within 4 min was shortened significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum contents of 5-HT and DA were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with fluoxetine positive control group， there was no statistical significance in above indexes among Wenyang jieyu granules groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Wenyang jieyu granule has obvious anti-depression effect on depression model rats， which is similar to fluoxetine， and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of serum contents of 5-HT and DA.
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This study was aimed to observe the effects ofFeng-Shi-Ning (FSN) capsule on the balance of IL-17+CD4+T (Th17) / Foxp3+CD4+CD25+regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood and the inflammatory media in synovial fluid of rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in order to further study the mechanism of FSN capsule in RA treatment. The collagen-induced arthritisⅡ (CIA) was used in the RA rat model establishment. The balance of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood was analyzed by the flow cytometry method for effects of FSN capsule treatment. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-4 and IL-10 in synovial fluid were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) method. The effects of the normal rats, CIA model rats and the rats treated by tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet (TPT) were compared. The results showed that compared with the model group, the percentage of Th17 cells in both the FSN capsule group and high-dose CIA group were obviously decreased (P 0.05). There was no significant difference on Th17 and Treg cells among each treatment group and TPT group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the high-dose and middle dose FSN can obviously reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A in synovial fluid of rats in each FSN group (P 0.05). Compared with the TPT group, there were no significant differences on IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-4 and IL-10 in each treatment group (P > 0.05). It was concluded that FSN can obviously reduce the percentage of Th17, decrease the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A in synovial fluid. However, it had no obvious effects on the percentage of Treg cells, or the secretion of IL-4 and IL-10 in synovial fluid. The mechanism of FSN capsule in RA treatment may be through regulating Th17 cells, adjusting body immune imbalance, and inhibiting the excessive secretion of inflammatory media in synovial fluid.